(1) Double tip clamping method. With double tip clamping, the workpiece positioning is accurate and the coaxiality is easy to be ensured. However, the rigidity of this method is poor, the bending deformation of the slender shaft is large, and it is easy to produce vibration. Therefore, it is only suitable for the processing of shaft parts with small length diameter ratio, small machining allowance, high requirements for coaxiality and multi-step.
(2) One clip and one top. The clamping mode of one clip and one top is adopted. In addition to the deformation caused by the axial bending of the top spindle, if the top spindle is too long, it will also be deformed. In addition, the clamping surface of the claw and the top hole may have different axes, which may lead to over positioning after clamping and bending deformation of the slender shaft. Therefore, when one clip one top clamping mode is adopted, the elastic movable center should be adopted to make the slender shaft stretch freely after being heated, so as to reduce its bending deformation; at the same time, an open steel ring can be padded between the claw and the slender shaft, so as to reduce the axial contact length between the claw and the slender shaft, eliminate over positioning during installation, and reduce bending deformation.
(3) Double tool cutting method. Double tools are used to turn the slender shaft, the middle slide of the lathe is refitted, the back rest is added, and two turning tools are used to turn at the same time. The two turning tools are opposite in radial direction, the front turning tool is installed in front, and the rear turning tool is installed in reverse. The radial cutting forces produced by two turning tools cancel each other. The workpiece has small deformation and vibration, high machining accuracy, and is suitable for mass production.
(4) The following tool rest and center rest are adopted. In order to reduce the influence of radial cutting force on the bending deformation of slender shaft, the clamping mode of one clamp and one top is adopted. Traditionally, the heel rest and center rest are used, which is equivalent to adding a support on the slender shaft and increasing the stiffness of the slender shaft, which can effectively reduce the influence of radial cutting force on the slender shaft.
(5) The reverse cutting method is used to turn the slender shaft. Reverse cutting method means that in the turning process of slender shaft, the turning tool starts to feed from the spindle chuck to the tailstock. In this way, the axial cutting force generated in the process of machining makes the slender shaft tension, and eliminates the bending deformation caused by the axial cutting force. At the same time, the elastic tailstock center can effectively compensate the compression deformation and thermal elongation of the workpiece from the cutter to the tailstock, and avoid the bending deformation of the workpiece.
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